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Modelling the behavior Salmonella enterica serotypes under osmotic stress: a study of the Phoenix Phenomenon
Camila Casagrande Paganini
Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
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Salmonella spp. is responsible for several infections in humans and is one of the leading causes of foodborne outbreaks. The genus Salmonella presents a variable resistance to the osmotic stress promoted by low water activity (aw), and some serotypes present a decrease in the cell count followed by a phase in which the count remains unchanged and so exponential growth, so-called Phoenix Phenomenon. However, there are different behaviors observed under osmotic stress. This work aimed to model and compare the behavior of Salmonella enterica serotypes (Typhimurium ATCC 14048, Enteritidis ATCC 13046, and Heidelberg and Minnesota (obtained from a poultry industry)) exposed to osmotic stress condition leading to Phoenix Phenomenon. The inoculum of S. enterica at the exponential phase at 25 °C were inoculated in brain heart infusion broth (BHI) (105 CFU/mL) added of 7% NaCl in mass to adjust the aw to 0.950. The serotypes were inoculated individually and incubated at 25 °C. The growth curve was measured by viable counts over time. A primary model was adapted and fitted to the experimental data based on the assumption that the total microbial concentration is given by the sum of the concentrations of the two subpopulations (dying and surviving-then-growing subpopulations). The predictive ability of the model was assessed through statistical indexes. All tested serotypes presented the Phoenix Phenomenon; however, it was observed differences in the resistance among them. The model proposed presented safe predictions to describe the Phoenix Phenomenon. The results indicated that both serotypes S. Heidelberg and S. Minnesota, presented a higher growth rate and reached the stationary phase of growth faster than other tested strains. S. enterica has a complex response to the osmotic environment depending on the serotype, which is dangerous to the food industry since the Phoenix Phenomenon occurrence can be speed up in some circumstances.
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