ACUTE TOXICITY ON EXTRACT FROM WHOLE GREEN COFFEE FRUIT RICH IN CAFFEINE AND CHLOROGENIC ACIDS
The green coffee has high phenolic antioxidant and phytonutrient content, due to this food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries have used as ingredient. Hydroethanolic extract from powder of green whole coffee fruit (GCE) were evaluated for acute toxicity in mice to determine the lethal dose 50 (DL50) and acute clinical effects by Hippocratic screening. This study was conducted under OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practices ((OECD, OCDE) 423, Paris, 2001). Male and female mice (n= 6/sex/dose), were treated with single dose by gavage of vehicle (water) or 100, 500, 1000, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg bw of GCE equivalent to 11.75, 58.77, 117.54, 293.84 and 587.68 mg of 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA.) and 8.74, 43.7, 87.4, 218.5, 437 mg of caffeine, respectively. After gavage, the animals were evaluated individually in the open field at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes and up 48 hours after administration, for the appearance of clinical signs or mortality. Then, the animals were monitored daily after gavage throughout 14 days. In the end of the study, animals were euthanized by carbon dioxide asphyxiation and subjected to gross necropsy. Liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, stomach, and spleen were weighed and relative weight of the organs was determined [(organ weight/body weight) x100]. The DL50 of GCE was determined to be 5000mg/kg since four males and three female mice died after at maximum 2 hour after oral administration. No significant difference was observed in water consume, but some differences among groups were reported related to body weight gain, and feed consumption, in males; however these were not considered adverse or toxicologically significant since were not different to control groups. Relative organ weight of kidneys of males treated with dosages ranging from 500 to 5000 mg/kg bw showed a significant difference (p<0.05), but had no corresponding histopathological alteration.