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Optimization of polyphenol extraction from grape residue and its stability during storage

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Recent researches highlight agro-industrial waste as potential sources of bioactive phytochemicals. For this reason, this research aimed to extract polyphenols from grape residue derived from the juice industry and evaluate their stability during storage. The extractions were performed according to the Box-Behnken design adjusted to the variables temperature, solid/liquid ratio and time. The total anthocyanins, total flavonols and total phenolics contents of the extracts were quantified and analyzed by the response surface methodology to determine their dependence on the variables under study. The optimization of multiple responses was performed with the desirability function to maximize the extraction. The extract obtained with the optimized parameters was concentrated, stored for 83 days at 4°C, and the content of monomeric anthocyanins and the percentage of polymeric color were determined periodically. With this data, the reaction kinetics were modeled. Additionally, the physicochemical and chromatic characteristics of the concentrated optimized extract were determined. The optimization of the extraction showed that temperature 60°C, the liquid ratio 1/25 g/mL and a time 80 minutes, maximized the recovery of total anthocyanins (30.96 mg/100g), total flavonols (73.34 mg/100g) and total phenolics (856.78 mg EAG/100g). The optimized concentrate extract showed soluble solids content 34.07°Brix, anthocyanins monomeric 39.95 mg/L, total flavonols 118.49 mg/L, total phenolics 2,257.44 mg EAG/L, polymeric color 46.63%, water activity 0.94, pH of 2.14, and the color with luminosity (L*) 24.32, red component (a*) 26.32 and yellow component (b*) 5.14. The degradation of anthocyanins monomeric and generation of the polymeric color followed first order kinetics, with reaction rates (k) 4.10x10-3 days-1 and 3.46x10-3 days-1, respectively. The half-life (t1/2) of the monomeric anthocyanins is 169 days of storage. In conclusion, the extraction of the three phytochemicals was successfully optimized and the extract presented a reasonable stability that would allow storing it for later use as a natural additive.