Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely produced and consumed in Brazil. Nutrients and bioactive compounds contents of beans may be influenced by the production system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of organic or conventional production systems on the proximate composition and phenolics profile of Brazilian black beans. Organic and conventional black beans samples were obtained from the same harvest periods and from near geographical locations at metropolitan (n=2) and coastal regions (n=2) of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Proximate composition was determined according to AOAC (2000). Soluble and insoluble phenolics were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS. Results were compared by unpaired t-test using GraphPad Prism software and considered significant when p<0.05. In both regions, organic beans showed 17% lower lipids and 8% higher proteins contents when compared to conventional beans. Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidine-3-O-glucoside and malvidin-3-O-glucoside were the major soluble phenolics. Major insoluble phenolics were gallic, ferulic and sinapic acids, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and myricetin-3-O-glucoside (alkaline hydrolysis), and myricetin and delphinidin (acid hydrolysis). Phenolics profile differed between production systems and regions. In both regions, soluble phenolics contents (56% of total phenolics) were consistently higher (25%) in organic beans than conventional ones. On the other hand, differences between insoluble phenolics contents were not consistent between production systems and regions. As a whole, organic beans had 22% higher phenolics contents than conventional samples. These results may be explained by the high environmental stress that plants grown in the organic system are subjected, which would lead to the production of protection molecules, such as phenolics. In conclusion, our results suggest that the organic production system improves the nutritional and functional quality of black beans.