DEVELOPMENT OF BIODEGRADABLE TRAYS FROM AGRO-INDUSTRIAL RESIDUES BLENDED WITH CASSAVA STARCH
Currently, trays made with single-use expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam, a petroleum-based thermoplastic, have been a matter of major environmental concern that advanced industrial nations have to face. Because this material is so lightweight, it takes up less than 1% of the solid waste by weight. However, its volume is much greater that landfills are full with EPS foams. It doesn’t biodegrade and there are many issues in recycling EPS. The environmental pollution caused by these products has led to an increased interest in developing biodegradable trays produced from renewable resources. Brazil has a high abundance of renewable natural resources that can be used as matrix and reinforcing components in biodegradable materials. These renewable resources include agro-industrial residues, and the use of such materials in the conversion of new value-added products is an immediate need. Therefore, the aim of this work was to produce biodegradable trays based on sugarcane bagasse, as the major component, added with corn husk, malt bagasse, and orange bagasse. Gelatinized starch solution was used as bonding agent. The trays were characterized in terms of their microstructure, solubility in water, physical, mechanical and optical properties, and compared to conventional EPS trays. The production process of the packages was done by drying the mixture of the agro-industrial waste with gelatinized starch solution onto a support. Trays produced had thicknesses around 3.505 and 3.964 mm, density in the range of 0.199 and 0.213 g/cm3 and solubility in water between 22.91 and 33.94%. Optical micrographs indicated that there was a good distribution of the residues fibers throughout the matrix, evidencing the homogeneity of the material. The addition of agricultural residues influenced resistance, making the material more resistant when compared to styrofoam. These results showed that fibrous residues from agroindustry present high potential to be used in the production of biodegradable trays.