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NATURAL CONTAMINATION OF DEOXYNIVALENOL AND ITS MASKED FORMS IN WHEAT SAMPLES FROM DIFFERENT CULTIVARS, CROP AND PLANTING AREAS
Ramon Alves de Oliveira Paula
Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Department of Food Science
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Crie um tópicoMycotoxins are toxic substances naturally produced as secondary metabolites of fungi such as Fusarium species. Whole grains contaminated with type B trichothecenes, including masked mycotoxins, have attracted great interest from public health authorities. Here, we innovated by determining not only one of the regulated mycotoxins for whole-grain wheat flour (deoxynivalenol - DON), but also its three masked forms (deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside - DON3G, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol - 3ADON and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol - 15ADON), in six commercial samples from different crops and planting areas and one sample from an experimental production field. To determine the mycotoxins in the samples, a validated analytical method was used, using the UHPLC-MS/MS technique. DON and DON3G were found in all commercial samples in the concentration range from 30.25 to 2377.90 µg.kg-1 and from 3.94 to 349.15 µg.kg-1, respectively. 3ADON was present in three samples, ranging from 3.86 to 12.87 µg.kg-1. We verified 15ADON in four samples in the concentration range of 6.21 to 11.07 µg.kg-1. A rare situation in the literature, no mycotoxin was detected in the sample from the experimental production field. We also emphasize that a commercial sample presented a level of DON contamination above the maximum tolerated limit in Brazil of 1250 µg.kg-1 (1.9 times higher). The percentage ratio observed between DON3G and DON was 10.63 to 26.25%, while for the sum of acetylated forms and DON, the highest ratio was 2.82%. Our findings demonstrate the significant natural formation of DON3G, 3ADON and 15ADON in wheat, indicating that these masked mycotoxins should be included in monitoring studies carried out in the country, to support the risk assessment and possible regulation of these contaminants, as well as the creation of public policies for your control.
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