The habit of consuming insects – entomophagy, is already part of the diet of approximately two billion people in more than 130 countries, which include in the menu more than 2,000 species of insects. Campaigns developed by the FAO, such as the publication of informative guides suggesting the inclusion of edible insects in the human diet, combined with the increase in demand for food that causes the intensification of the means of production and the use of natural resources. The low moisture content of the flour beetle larva (Tenebrio molitor) provides technological advantages within the food industry, as it can be ground and easily introduced to enrich products. The false-measurer caterpillar (Chrysodeixis includens) is identified as a pest that is difficult to control, however, little is said about its nutritional attributes. This work explored the protein content of an insect species used for animal and human consumption and another one that is still poorly studied. The protein content of the two insects was analyzed. C. includens caterpillars were bred and slaughtered, while T. molitor larvae were purchased commercially. Protein analysis was performed following the Kjedahl method (conversion factor of 6.25). The C. includens caterpillar had the highest protein content, 61.95%, followed by the T. molitor larva, 50.63%. Studies evaluating the nutritional value of edible insects, including beetles, ants, crickets, and grasshoppers, confront the values of lean red meat and/or roasted fish. In this same context, T. molitor and Chrysodeixis includens have higher values than conventional protein alternatives (poultry-23% and beef-20%), confirming the sentence that they can be used as alternative sources of protein. Both demonstrate high potential as an alternative source of protein for food, requiring further studies to prove the viability of production through sustainable and low-cost ways.