Changes in the total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of soybeans (var BRS 257) at different times of germination.
Changes in seeds during their germination process include mobilization or emergence of new compounds. Among the main secondary metabolites of the grains are phenolic components that can be absorbed by the human organism and exert important functions as antioxidant. The consumption of soy derivatives is becoming increasing, and its use in different ways may be interesting in the elaboration of new food products. In this study, BRS 257 soybeans were germinated at different times (0 to 7 days), in germitest paper rolls, with light / dark periods of 12 hours. At each day of germination, the levels of total phenolic, flavonoid and the antioxidant potential, using respectively Folin's reagent, sodium nitrite and aluminum chloride assay, and antioxidant activity using both 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, after ethanol 70% extractions. The total phenolic contents were significantly higher (p <0.05) for almost all the germination times, reaching 2.62 ± 0.08 mg/g dry matter after seven germination days, versus 1.47 ± 0.05 at time zero (non-germinated grains). Similar profile was observed for flavonoids which reached 2.49 ± 0.11 mg/g dry matter versus 1.48 ± 0.02 for the times 7 and zero days, respectively. When the antioxidant activities were determined, a significant increase was observed after germination, especially for the times superior to 80 hours of germination: 24.60±0.59 μm of Trolox equivalent /g grains on dry basis at zero time against 41.85±2.99 after 80h, for ABTS assay, and 2.34±0.01 versus 4.25±0.16 μm Trolox equivalent/g grains on dry basis, for the same times respectively, using DPPH assay. The data indicate that the modifications undergone during the soybean germination process can bring interesting characteristics to this raw material. The correlation between phenolic compounds and ABTS antioxidant activities was r=0.9661 and r = 0.9135 for flavonoids and ABTS antioxidant activities.