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SOLVENT-FREE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS EXTRACTION FROM GOLDENBERRY USING FOCUSED-MICROWAVE UNDER NITROGEN PROTECTION

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One of the most important challenges in the extraction field is related to reduction/elimination of organic solvents to perform it. The development of solvent-free extraction is a recent alternative to perform cleaner and safer extraction, using the in situ water of food for extraction (LI et al., 2013). Based in this purpose, the aim of this study was to extract phenolic compounds from goldenberry fruits without solvent by using a focused-microwave (FMW) with additional flow of nitrogen. It was compared with other currently used solvent-free methods, microwave hidrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) and pressing. The FMW (Star System 2, CEM) operated at 800 W was optimized in 5 min of extraction without nitrogen and 10 min with a nitrogen flow at 1 L/min. The MHG extraction was performed in a multimode microwave (NEOS-GR, Milestone) in 100 W and 200 W by 15 min. Extraction by three methods was carried out with whole fruit only using in situ water. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity from extracts were evaluation by Folin-Ciocalteu and ORAC method, respectively. Nitrogen addition in FMW extraction allowed higher phenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity, increasing from 17.1 to 26.7 mg EqGA/100g and 144.3 to 369.3 µmol EqT/100g, respectively. It was able due to the protective effect of nitrogen on the phenolic compounds degradation. The proposed procedure presented better results in comparison to MHG method, which presented up to 22.8 mg EqGA/100g and 340.3 µmol EqT/100g in extracts. Pressing method presented lower values of both phenolic compounds as antioxidant activity. According to the obtained results the FMW allowed to extract phenolic compounds in only 10 min using the in situ water of whole fruit, without any sample treatment. Thus, this method can be considered a green and effective alternative to solvent-free extraction.