The almond of bacuri (Attalea phalerata Mart. Ex Spreng.) and whey protein have significant amounts of essential amino acids and good digestibility, characteristics that have been pursued by athletes to aid in improving body composition. The objective was to evaluate the effect of diets containing vegetable and animal protein source on body composition of Wistar rats submitted to training resistance. Forty male newly weaned rats were submitted to a ladder strength exercise protocol (three times/week), getting diets AIN-93 with modification to a 15% protein. The animals were randomly into 6 groups: G1 (sedentary bacuri), G2 (exercised bacuri), G3 (sedentary whey protein), G4 (whey protein exercised), G5 (sedentary control) and G6 (exercised control). Were evaluated the dietary intake, energy intake, body weight, length, circumferences, Lee Index and Body Mass Index, fat sites, total fat and Adiposity Index. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Post Hoc of Tukey, considering p < 0.05. The final weight of G3 (372.67 ± 8.90) was higher than G2 (326.83 ± 15.03) and G6 (316.75 ± 5.90) (p < 0.05); the groups that received a bacuri diet consumed a higher amount of diet in relation to the groups that received whey protein (p = 0.0001), but they had lower final weight; these groups (G1 and G2) did not differ in the Lee index, BMI, fat sites and adiposity index in relation to the whey protein treated groups (p > 0.05), presenting lower values in the thoracic circumference (p = 0, 0001) and abdominal (p = 0.002). In relation to fat and adiposity index, there was no difference between the sedentary and exercised groups (p > 0.05). It is concluded that bacuri almond flour can be used as an alternative vegetable protein source for use in nutritional supplements, since it was not inferior to whey protein.