The pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.) is a plant pertaining to the Myrtaceae family, with wide distribution in the national territory, occurring in several regions and in different Brazilian biomes. Its fruits have peculiar sensory characteristics, presenting attractive colors, exotic flavors and supposed benefits to human health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical constituents of purple pitanga using ambient ionization mass spectrometry. The fruits were collected in the municipality of Presidente Olegário, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Afterwards, they were sanitized and frozen until the moment of extraction. The pulp was submitted to the methanol extraction process and the LCQ Fleet mass spectrometer equipped with an ambient ionization source in positive mode was used to determine the chemical compounds of the fruit. For analysis, 2 µL of the extract and 40 µL of methanol were applied on chromatographic paper placed in front of the equipment entrance, using a voltage source for data capture. The obtained mass spectra were processed in Xcalibur software. In the compound identification step, a comparison was made between the mass/charge ratios found in the literature and the instrumental signals obtained in the analysis. A total of 12 polyphenols were possibly identified, namely catechin, quercetin, petunidin, delphinidin, peonidin, myricetin, malvidin, dihydroquercetin, isoquercetin, rutin, apigenin, cyanidin. These results indicate the presence of compounds with antioxidant properties in the evaluated samples, these constituents being associated with the scavenging free radicals and the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases. Based on this evaluation, this study reinforces the nutritional potential of the purple pitanga fruit in terms of its phytochemical and antioxidant properties.