Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases, in particular, coronary artery disease (CAD) consists of cardiomyopathy caused in 90% of cases by obstruction of the arteries by deposition of atherosclerotic plaques, characterized by unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction and acute complications Of myocardial ischemia. Among the classic risk factors, smoking, arterial hypertension, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, sedentary lifestyle and chronic renal failure are of particular importance, so that surgical myocardial revascularization and modulation of efforts are alternatives to reduce the risk of death. Such a surgical procedure, through its complexity, requires rigorous pre- and post-operative care, involving the preservation of the effectiveness of the immune system, as a preventive measure of possible complications. Recent studies demonstrate the fundamental role of preoperative nutritional immunomodulation in patients with a higher probability of post-operative complications, such as sepsis. Objective: To demonstrate the effects of nutritional supplements through their mechanisms of action and their respective areas of action in the body, highlighting the immune response and the efficiency in reducing the risks of postoperative complications in patients submitted to myocardial revascularization. Methodology: A systematic review and survey of cases in the literature involving male patients aged over 60 years submitted to surgical myocardial revascularization using preoperative immunonutrition. Results & Discussion: According to the data obtained, it can be said that nutritional supplementation significantly increased the immune response in the recovery of patients undergoing myocardial revascularization, reducing the risk of postoperative complications. Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrate the need for and relevance of specific immunomodulation supplementation, with a direct effect on immune defense mechanisms, significantly reducing complication rates from the surgical procedure and postoperative recovery time related to the period of hospitalization, considering the proportion of the surgery.