Resource Allocation in Edge and Cloud Computing with D2D communication in Smart Cities: models and analyses

Smart Cities employ digital technologies to manage resources, aiming for economic and social benefits. This article addresses the resource allocation problem in Edge and Cloud Computing to meet the demands of IoT devices in a Smart City. The current network model results in service issues due to the low coverage of fifth and sixth-generation technologies, known as 5G and 6G. In this article, a formal definition of the problem is presented along with an exact algorithm based on Integer Linear Programming (ILP), which utilizes Device-to-Device (D2D) communication to expand network coverage. The proposed algorithms are compared with others in the literature that do not employ D2D communication. Experiments with instances from the literature indicate that, despite the increase in end-to-end delay, the use of D2D communication can improve the acceptance rate by up to 486%, considering 6G technology.