THE ROLE OF SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS IN OBESITY

The prevalence of obesity has increased considerably over the last decade, being a significant risk factor for several diseases such as cardiovascular illnesses and some types of cancer. The socioeconomic status has been described as a powerful determinant of health and obesity, influencing the lifestyles and habits of individuals. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of income, employment status and education level in obesity, food habits, alcohol consumption and physical activity. An observational transversal analytic study was developed, after selecting a convenience sample from the target population. Data was collected using a questionnaire by the researcher and statistically analyzed using the program SPSS 20.0®. According to the statistical studies carried out in this investigation, it was found that socioeconomic factors produce a significant impact on lifestyle and habits, as well as on Body Mass Index (BMI), demonstrating that, in general, individuals who have higher income, higher education level and an active employment status have a lower BMI, carry eating habits according to the precepts of the Wheel of Food and better rates of physical activity. Obesity and overweight cause annually at least 2.8 million deaths. Considering that obesity is a preventable risk factor, it becomes relevant to change the elements that influence its development. Therefore, it should be implemented an individualized and customized approach to patients according to their limitations and knowledge, as well as policies which may improve agriculture, transport, urban planning, environment, education, food processing, distribution and marketing.