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Syphilis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the Treponema pallidum, with predominantly sexual transmission may occur via the placenta, causing great morbidity in intra-uterine life and extra. Objective To understand the knowledge that the mothers have about syphilis and syphilis congênita.Metodologia This is an exploratory qualitative research field type, made with fifteen largest mothers of eighteen with positive VDRL for syphilis in a maternity Baixada Fluminense in Rio de January, after authorization by the Research Ethics Committee nº078 / 2014 UCB. Results The interviewees mothers are young, poorly educated, single, working outside the home and mostly with one or two children. All received prenatal care and 52% had more than six consultations, 60% with doctor and nurse, 80% found the disease prenatally, these, only 54% had late treatment and only three partners were tratados.Observa- if ignorance about the disease syphilis and reports little information during prenatal about the disease and the difficulty of understanding of the consequences of lack of tratamento.Conclusão The women need greater understanding of the disease and enhancement of treatment, it is clear some mothers repentant not have done the treatment. It takes a different look at education and health among professionals working in prenatal, more concise calls on the severity and adherence to treatment of syphilis in prenatal