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Application of deep eutectic solvents in the extraction of bioactive compounds from A. satureioides

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been studied as new solvents to replace common organic solvents due their less toxity and biodegrability beyond their capacity to solubize of biomolecules, which in most cases is larger than the water. DES are result from the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between two starting materials, namely, a hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) and a hydrogen-bond acceptor (HBA). Innumerous combinations of the starting materials can be attempted, and because of that DES can be classified as “designer solvents”.The purpose of this study was to investigate the bioactive compounds extraction of A. Satureioides or macela using DES coupled with ultrasound. In order to comparision, four different DES compositions were selected. For this purpose DES were prepared as mixtures using choline chloride as HBA, alongside two HBD, xylitol and glycerol, with corresponding molar ratios of 1:2. The addition of 15% water into mixtures was also evaluated in order to reduce their viscosity. These mixtures were heating at 50ºC under constant stirring for 30 minutes. The extraction was performed at 25ºC a molar ratio 1:40 (macela powder:DES) for 50 minutes using ultrasound. Total phenolic contents were determined using a spectrophotometric technique, based on the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. The results showed that the water addition in DES improved the yield of phenolic compounds. Considering the maximum amount of total phenolic content, choline chloride with glycerol and 15% of water provided more effective extraction, 0.95 ± 0.04 mg/mL of quercetin, around two times higher when compared to others DES studied. This approach using DES and ultrasound demonstrated a good alternative for designing eco-friendly extraction methods for phenolic compounds from macela which can be a support for its future application in nutraceutical preparations, for example.