EXTRACTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM ORANGE POMACE USING SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
The high consumption of fruits brings multiple benefits to human health, due to their high levels of antioxidants, which are characterized for the ability to scavenge free radicals. These compounds can be found both in the pulp of fruits such as in skin and seeds. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to investigate the Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) of phenolic compounds from the orange pomace that results from the industrial processing in the production of juice. This by-product is widely available, without commercial cost and potentially rich in polyphenols. SFE was evaluated under three pressure conditions (15, 25 and 35 MPa) and three temperatures (40, 50 and 60 °C) in terms of global extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (Free radical scavenging activity - DPPH). Additionally, a low pressure extraction was performed (Soxhlet) using ethanol as solvent. The use of ethanol as cosolvent in SFE (added in concentration of 6%) was also evaluated. All results were analyzed using Tukey’s test, by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significance of 5%. The results of SFE showed low affinity of supercritical CO2 to phenolic compounds. However, the use of ethanol as cosolvent improved the phenolic yield (18 - 21 mg GAE /g dry extract), and increased the global extraction yield up to 40%. The use of high pressures and temperatures increased the global yield and TPC. Nevertheless, the extracts showed less antioxidant capacity. The Soxhlet extraction achieved high global yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, nonetheless, it requires large amounts of solvent and long extraction times, limiting its applicability. Therefore, SFE appears as an attractive alternative for the extraction of phenolic compounds from agroindustrial wastes currently undervalued.