Biochar impact on soil carbon stocks: A biogeochemical modeling approach

Biogeochemical models have been instrumental in examining the influence of environmental factors on soil carbon storage. Concurrently, biochar derived from biomass pyrolysis has been identified as a promising carbon sequestration material. However, existing models often lack robust integration of the role of biochar in soil management. In this context, the current state of research on biogeochemical models that include the entry of biochar into the soil has been characterized.  This study conducted a bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science® (WoS) database to assess the current state of research on biogeochemical models that incorporate biochar. Utilizing search terms within titles, abstracts, and keywords for publications between 2000 and 2024, an initial search identified 4,259 papers related to biochar. A focused search for biogeochemical models for estimating soil carbon stocks revealed that only 46 studies have incorporated biochar inputs. Although RothC was the most frequently used model, biochar integration was also observed in the APSIM, EPIC, Century, DNDC, and other models, including those beyond primary soil carbon estimation. Notably, only a limited number of these studies have presented model calibration and validation, which are essential for model reliability. The development, calibration, and validation of simulation models are crucial for enhancing the accuracy of carbon storage estimations in biochar-amended soils. Expanding these efforts to diverse soil types, especially in tropical regions, where research is scarce, is imperative. Ultimately, advancements in modeling, enhanced monitoring techniques, and the growing need for nature-based solutions will foster the evolution of biogeochemical models that effectively account for the effects of biochar on soil carbon dynamics.