OPTIMIZATION APPROACHES TO VOLT-VAR CONTROL OF MODERN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

This study evaluates two optimization approaches to Volt-Var control in electric distribution networks with high photovoltaic (PV) penetration: nonlinear programming and upstream-downstream dynamic programming. Volt-Var control is vital for maintaining voltage levels and reducing losses in networks with bidirectional power flow due to distributed renewable generation. Simulations were performed on the IEEE 12-bus system, considering PV penetration levels from 10% to 50%. Both methods effectively reduced technical losses by up to 20% and maintained voltage within regulatory limits set by the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency. Both approaches offer accuracy and scalability for large systems; upstream-downstream dynamic programming is computationally more efficient for the small networks studied, due to its lower complexity. Overall, the study supports the use of optimization in smart grid control and highlights its potential to enhance energy efficiency. These findings can guide future research toward more sustainable and resilient power system solutions.