Modeling and Solving the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with V2G Operation Planning

This article proposes a route definition strategy for electric vehicles (EV) with V2G (vehicle-to-grid) technology based on a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. Considering the intelligent recharging system from V2G, the proposed PLIM model minimizes the costs of delivering products to consumers using routes with less energy purchased. In addition to the mandatory passage at delivery points, the model also considers stopping at recharging stations to fill up the vehicle or provide ancillary services to the local distribution network, such as importing (purchasing) and exporting (selling) energy. With this, operational costs can be reduced with the energy credits obtained during the recharge procedures. The case study uses a synthetic scenario considering a fleet with multiple V2G, serving a region with twelve consumers and four charging stations. The results show that the strategy defines the best delivery routes while using the stations to perform smart recharges and minimizes fleet operating costs.