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Development of composite electrodes based on carbon black for lead quantification.
Suellen Fabricia Lima do Nascimento
Universidade Federal Fluminense
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Crie um tópicoHandcrafted composite electrodes consist of mixtures between, at least two phases, one insulating and one conductor, generating a conductive material with physical and chemical properties different to those from the original phases. Carbon black (CB) is a spherical nanomaterial consisting primarily of carbon. Materials based on carbon black have favorable electrical properties that make them good conductors, in addition to being easy to obtain, low cost, and can also be obtained through the recycling of organic matter. In this work, three different types of composite electrodes were developed whose conducting phase was CB powder and the insulating phase, distinct for each type of electrode, was acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol) (PETG) and polylactic acid (PLA), named CB-ABS, CB-PETG and CB-PLA, respectively. Different proportions of carbon black and polymer were prepared in proportion range from 30 to 70% (carbon black, m/m), but only electrodes consisting of 35, 40 and 50% of carbon black showed adequate physical characteristics to be used and tested. Techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize these electrodes. CV along with EIS were used to assess the electrochemical behavior of these electrodes. For each type of optimized electrode, anodic stripping square wave voltammetry was employed for analytical purposes, being several parameters investigated to determine the optimum experimental conditions for lead quantification. The calculation of the electroactive area was performed by CV using the redox system [Fe(CN)6]-3/[Fe(CN)6]-4 and the proportions that presented the largest electroactive areas for each type of composite were CB50%-ABS50%, CB50%-PETG50% and CB50%-PLA50%, obtaining the results of 0.1056 ± 0.0011, 0.0926 ± 0.0075 and 0.1082 ± 0.0086 cm2 which corresponds to 71, 66 and 77% of the geometric area, respectively. The EIS Nyquist graph (frequencies between 0.1-5.104 Hz) showed that the smaller the semicircle diameter the bigger the carbon black content, indicating that the surface resistance of these electrodes is lower, which favors charge transfer on the surface of CB50%-ABS50%, CB50%-PETG50% and CB50%-PLA50% electrodes. The electrodes, under optimized conditions, provided limits of detection for determination of lead of 2.84E-8 mol L-1, 2.88E-7 mol L-1 and 1,14E-8 mol L-1 for CB50%-ABS50%, CB50%-PETG 50% and CB50%-PLA50%, respectively.
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