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A “Green” Approach for Screening Nitrosamines in Medicines by Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (UADLLME) and HPLC-UV
Thiago Novotny
Universidade Federal Fluminense
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Crie um tópicoN-nitrosamines (NA) are carcinogenic substances that should not be present in medicines. In 2018, Regulatory Agencies detected, for the first time, the presence of NA in medicines, bringing great concern worldwide. As medicines should not pose additional risk to patients, the agencies have instructed manufacturers to monitor each batch produced. The monitoring method currently recommended is liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, posing a considerable cost to the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, sensitive alternative methods for screening NA in medicines are highly desirable. In recent years, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) have emerged as a novel “green” alternative to solvents commonly used in microextraction techniques as they are biocompatible, chemically stable, biodegradable, low volatile, and cheap. The purpose of this work is the development of an UADLLME method for screening six NA (N-Nitrosodimethylamine, NDMA; N-Nitroso-N-methylamino butyric acid, NMBA; N-Nitrosodiethylamine, NDEA; N-Nitrosoethylpropylamine, NEIPA; N-Nitrosodiisopropylamine, NDIPA and N-Nitrososdibutylamine, NDBA) in “sartans” drug class samples by HPLC-UV, as a viable alternative to the pharmaceutical industry. Aside several traditional extraction solvents, some HDES combinations were evaluated. The extraction efficiencies of the HDES were assessed through their partition coefficients. Extractions were performed by sonicating adequate volumes of the HDES-aqueous sample mixtures for 15 minutes and separating the organic phase by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 20 minutes. 20 ul of the organic phase were directly injected into the chromatograph. The NA were resolved in less than 23 min, suggesting that the proposed method is promising for the determination and monitoring of NA in medicines.
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