SPATIAL VARIATION OF SOIL ATTRIBUTES IN AN AGRISILVOPASTORAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM WITH MACAUBA AS A TREE COMPONENT

Agricultural production systems that integrate in the same area the production of annual crops, pastures and tree species are considered a sustainable option for the recovery of degraded areas and to optimize land use. In these systems, due to the different species and the spatial arrangement, it is expected that there will be a variation in soil attributes. The objective of this study was to determine the physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil in an integrated system with pasture, grain cultivation and macaúba palm in double rows in the spacing (14.2 x 4.5 x 4.1 m) implemented at the Rubber Tree and Agroforestry Systems Center of the Agronomic Institute, in Votuporanga/SP, in October 2018. The evaluation was carried out in March 2023, with macaúba in a youth stage. 5 positions were defined: between the macaúba lines (-2), in the macauba line (0) and at two (+2), four (+4) and seven (+7) meters of the macauba tree canopy projection of the macaúba crown, forming a transect. Soil samples were collected in two layers (0-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m) in the summer season. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed and the means were compared by Tukey (p ≤ 0.10). There was a difference between the depths for physical and chemical attributes, with the upper layer having higher Ca and Mg, V% and CEC contents, as a function of surface liming, higher microporosity and CRA and lower PR. There was no difference between the layers for microbiological attributes. In general, few significant variations were observed in the soil attributes between the positions, since the macauba plants are still developing. For the chemical attributes, there was no significant difference between the positions. However, in positions 0 and +2, higher organic carbon contents and lower qMIC values ​​were observed, and in positions +4 and +7, the ADA values ​​were higher. These results are an indication that the tree component (macauba) will positively interfere in soil quality.