INTEGRATED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS WITH MACAÚBA IMPROVE SOIL QUALITY

Production systems that integrate a forestry component, the cultivation of grains and pastures have been pointed out as a solution for sustainable agricultural exploitation. Species options for these systems have been evaluated for productivity and contribution to the environment. In this work, a soil quality index (SQI) was used as a tool to analyze agroforestry systems with macaúba. The experiment was installed at the Center for Rubber Tree and Agroforestry Systems of the Agronomic Institute (IAC), in Votuporanga/SP. The following treatments were evaluated: conventional pasture (PAST), regenerated forest (MATA), grain cultivation (GRAO), integrated system with macaúba with single rows (MAC-LS) and with double rows (MAC-LD). In samples collected in the 0-10 cm layer in two seasons, 20 soil attributes were evaluated. The IQS was obtained in three stages: selection of a minimum data set (CMD), attribution of weight and score, and weighted combination of attributes. The DCM was obtained from multivariate analysis by principal components (PC), selecting the CP with a minimum eigenvalue of 1. The attributes that were not correlated according to Pearson's test (p≤0.05) and that vary in 10% of the largest absolute eigenvector were selected, were weighted based on the variance of their respective NC and were scored according to the approach "bigger is better", "smaller is better" and "optimal point" using linear equations. The weight and score for the IDC attributes were combined, obtaining the SQI for each treatment. The SQIs were submitted to ANAVA (p≤0.05) and the means were compared by Tukey (p≤0.05)