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Enantiomerically enriched α-terpineol isomers may be produced by the bio-oxidation of limonene bio-oxidation at high concentrations. Since chirality is known to affect biological activity, we used Sphingobium sp to biotransform R-(+)- and S-(-)-limonene into, respectively, R-(+)- and S-(–)-a-terpineol to be employed in this study. Considering that a-terpineol has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of R-(+)- and S-(–)-a-terpineol in an experimental model of colitis induced by a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Wistar rats were divided into five groups: healthy (negative control - NC), sick (positive control - PC), mesalazine (MT), R-(+)-a-terpineol (RT) and S-(–)-a-terpineol (ST) treated. The animals were fed with an AIN-G93 diet (NC, PC, MT), or AIN-G93 supplemented diet (RT and ST) with R-(+)- and S-(–)-a-terpineol (1470 mg/kg feed), for 3 weeks. After the second week, they were lightly sedated to induce intestinal inflammation by retroanal administration of 10 mg TNBS dissolved in 0.25 mL 50% ethanol (v/v), except for the NC group, which received 0.25 mL of saline. Subsequently, the MT group received mesalazine (100 mg/kg BW) by gavage during the next 7 days, while the other groups received water by gavage. Finally, the animals were euthanized under anesthesia and their colon were removed for further biological and histological analyses. Both R-(+)- and S-(–)-a-terpineol compared to the MT group decreased the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) more than 40% and tissue lipid peroxidation was statistically equivalent. The histological analysis of tissue showed no statistical difference among the induced groups, although the ST group presented the lower score among them. However, the same group increased the expression of interleukin 10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine with the same effect as mesalazine. The results indicated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions for the compounds tested with no significant differences between the enantiomers.
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