GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION: SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE ON MATERNAL AND NEONATAL COMPLICATIONS

summary

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) during pregnancy is one of the main obstetric complications, being responsible for adverse outcomes for both mother and baby. In this sense, the diagnosis and treatment of gestational hypertension require the joint action of different specialists, such as obstetricians, cardiologists and, in some cases, neonatologists. The objectives are: to analyze the scientific publications on maternal and neonatal complications associated with gestational hypertension and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, with emphasis on maternal clinical history, especially pre-existing comorbidities and maternal risk factors, and their relationships with adverse outcomes, such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity and stillbirth. This was an integrative review of quantitative studies (2020–2025), following stages of selection, inclusion/exclusion, data extraction, screening by Rayyan, descriptive analysis, and ethical interpretation of the results. The results show that pregnant women with chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension or preeclampsia have a higher risk of severe maternal complications, including preeclampsia, eclampsia, renal dysfunction, cardiovascular events and mortality. Neonates of these pregnant women are premature, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, stillbirth, and need for a neonatal ICU. International studies show that early or late prematurity increases respiratory, metabolic, and neurocognitive morbidity