Macambo: characteristics and potential in the Tri-Border Region

The Amazon Rainforest possesses one of the world's greatest biodiversities, a
cradle of plant species that are still little studied. The objective of this research was to
investigate the Macambo (Theobroma bicolor Humb. & Bonpl.) regarding its characteristics
and potential. This case study was conducted in the tri-border region (Brazil, Colombia, and
Peru). Data collection was carried out in the field using questionnaires and interviews with
residents, producers, traders, and local educational and research institutions. The Macambo
(Theobroma bicolor Humb. & Bonpl.) is a native Amazonian species, popularly known in
this region as Peruvian cocoa, pataste (with variations), bacau, mocambo tree, jaguar tree,
and demonstrates high bioeconomic potential. It is found in the Upper Solimões region under
forest cover, in backyards and small farms, in agricultural areas, either alone or in association
with other species, reaching up to 30 meters in height. The bark is woody and hard, and the
tree produces approximately 14 to 40 fruits per harvest. The estimated average production
begins in the third year after planting, cultivated in clayey soils characteristic of the region.
When ripe, it has a woody peel and dense, yellow pulp with a strong odor and flavor
generally similar to melon, banana, or cupuaçu. The fruit is rich in protein, fiber, and
antioxidants. The pulp is used to make juices, sweets, and ice cream. The seeds are edible and
consumed roasted on boats in the Upper Solimões region, sold in markets and grocery stores
and can be used to make chocolate. Studies of this nature can lead to better utilization of the
fruit and the development of a new regional food product.