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LEPROSY IN BRAZIL: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION FROM 2001 TO 2014

ARIANE PEREIRA DOS SANTOS 1 ; CAROLINA DANTAS GADELHA SARAIVA 1 ; EMERSON HOLANDA MARINHO 1 ; JOSSIANE NATIVIDADE DE OLIVEIRA SILVA 1 ; LUCIANA RÊGO CUNHA COSTA 1 ; REBECA SANTOS MONTE 1 ; RITA DE KÁSSIA MEDEIROS DIAS 1 ; TALITA MAIA REGO 1 ; TERESA IRIS DA SILVA MONTE 1 ; WALLACE SMALY CARVALHO BARROS 1
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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It mainly affects the skin and peripheral nervous system. It is still endemic in many regions of the world and a public health problem in Brazil. The mechanism of transmission of leprosy consists of prolonged close contact between susceptible and genetically predisposed individuals and untreated multibacillary patients. Transmission occurs through inhalation of bacilli present in upper airway secretion. This study aims to analyze the epidemiological data of leprosy in Brazil. METHOD: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using data collected at Notifiable Diseases Information System Database (SINAN) through the notification of patients with leprosy from 2001 to 2014. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A total of 667357 cases were recorded between 2008 and 2014. Of this amount, 262119 (39,28%) were residents of the northeast region, 138559 (20,76%) were form north region, 126029 (18,88%) from southeastern, 112679 (16,88%) from midwest and 27971 (4,19%) from south. Relative to clinical form, the most frequent was the multibacillary leprosy with 396042 cases (60%), while the paucibacillary form obtained 269047 cases (40%). About the age, most patients (68,84%) were between 20 and 60 years old. In conclusion, it can be seen that Brazil has not achieved the goal of elimination of leprosy as a public health problem (defined by the prevalence lower than 1 case per 10,000 inhabitants), whereas the prevalence of the illness was 2,01 per 10,000 inhabitants in 2010.