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The term quilombo widespread in Brazil during the colonial period refers to the communities created by the rebels to the slave system as a way to fight for the abolition of slavery. Since then, much has been done in terms of public policies for the recognition of these communities, which comes from a history of struggle and resistance, are widely recognized today. However, even with the progress achieved, this population still find themselves in vulnerable conditions, especially regarding to health, thus becoming a university extension workplace. Understanding this context, the Family Medicine Academic League, at Mato Grosso Federal University - Medical School developed a project with the remaining quilombola communities of Vão Grande in the county of Barra do Bugres, in order to understand their realities, diagnosing the main health problems, as well as its social determinants, so in partnership with the city, we would positively take part as academics, contributing to the community and also building knowledge that are essential to the formation of a humanist doctor. The activities took place in June 2015, through lectures, outpatient care, home visits and conversation circles with the community, educators, local and regional leaders. Medical care was performed in 63 people, which 62% were male and 38% female. The prevalent age groups were 0-20 years and 40-50 years. The main complaint found was low back pain. Thus, we conclude that the quilombola population of Vão Grande requires monitoring of a healthcare team more often, preventing diseases and improving quality of life.