ANALYSIS OF NUTRITIONAL AND ANTINUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES AND DIFFERENT EXTRACTION METHODS TO OBTAIN EXTRACTS RICH IN BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM THE PULP OF BIRIBÁ (Annona mucosa)

Fruit from the Cerrado region is attracting global market interest due to its nutritional  value and health benefits. Among these, the biribá (Annona mucosa), a member of the  Annonaceae family, stands out. This study aimed to analyze the pulp of the biribá, evaluating  its nutritional and antinutritional properties, and various extraction methods to obtain extracts  rich in bioactive compounds. After collection, the pulp was oven-dried at 45°C. The samples  were subjected to single-step methods (Soxhlet, maceration, and ultrasound) and sequential  methods, combining techniques: Soxhlet + maceration; Soxhlet + maceration + ultrasound;  Soxhlet + ultrasound; and maceration + ultrasound, using two different solvents: 70% ethanol  and distilled water, and evaluated for phytochemical characteristics, antioxidant potential, and  phenolic profile. Proximal composition of the pulp indicated high lipid and protein contents,  with 8.45 and 9.22 g 100 g^–1, respectively, and an energy value of 273.17 kcal 100 g^–1, which  corroborates low-calorie diets. Regarding antinutritional compounds, no cyanogens were  detected, reinforcing the safety of pulp consumption. Solubility in water and milk was 33.47%  and 446.67%, respectively. Absorption in oil, water, and milk was 8.8%, 8.63%, and 11.81%,  respectively. Solubility was used as a parameter to evaluate the pulp's ability to remain  homogeneous in different liquids. For bioactive compounds in a single step, the Soxhlet method  with 70% ethanol showed the highest yields: total phenolics (28.93 mg GAE L⁻¹), flavonoids  (205.03 mg CE L⁻¹), total flavonols (60.83 mg QE L⁻¹), and condensed tannins (180.36 mg CE  L⁻¹). In the sequential methods, the Maceration + Ultrasound and Soxhlet + Maceration +  Ultrasound combinations with 70% ethanol showed higher yields when compared to water (p  < 0.05). The antioxidant potential (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC) was also higher with Soxhlet and  70% ethanol in a single step. In the sequential methods, Maceration + Ultrasound with 70%  ethanol showed greater efficacy: DPPH (94.76%), FRAP (384.68 mg TE 100 L⁻¹) and  CUPRAC (3845 mmol TE L⁻¹). In both extracts obtained, Trigonelline (2.87 - 185.62 mg L^–1)  and gallic acid (0.49 - 88.20 mg L^–1) were the major compounds. These results confirm that  70% ethanol is more efficient than water for extracting bioactive compounds from biribá pulp.  In summary, the study demonstrates that the choice of solvent and the appropriate combination  of extraction methods significantly influence the obtaining of bioactive compounds and the  antioxidant potential of biribá pulp, evidencing promising applications in the food and  nutraceutical industries.