Phosphate chemical fertilizers are extensively used to improve agricultural productivity. However, the production of these fertilizers is expensive and can cause environmental damage due to the use of high concentrations of sulfuric acid. Alternatively, microbial solubilization of phosphate rock (PR) is a potential strategy to obtain phosphate fertilizers (biofertilizers). This strategy relies on the ability of some microorganisms to produce organic acids which convert the insoluble PR phosphorus into soluble forms. This study aims to investigate the influence of different organic acids on PR solubilization. For that, the effect of nine organic acids on the solubilization of three phosphate sources was evaluated. The results showed that the effect of the organic acid on PR solubilization is dependent on the source and nature of the phosphate. Citric and oxalic acid were the most efficient organic acids to solubilize PR, being comparable to strong inorganic acids. The strategy proposed could contribute in future developments for the industrial production of phosphate fertilizer using organic acids.