Brazil, a major producer of ethanol, releases significant amounts of effluent known as vinasse during fermentation process. This effluent is considered rich in nutrients and organic matter with a high polluting potential. Its inadequate disposal makes autodepuration in the environment impossible, instigating studies on simple and efficient methods for its treatment. The ligninolytic fungi, Pleurotus sajor-caju CCB 020 and Asperillus flavus were used for the biodegradation of the pollutant through the action of ligninases. The microbial species were compared for the analysis of the highest potential degradation in submerged fermentation, evaluating the efficiency through the discoloration, by the enzymatic production and reduction of the organic carbon content. In general, the treatment with P. sajor-caju was highlighted in the production of enzymes indicating a discoloration of 96.3%.