A techno-economic analysis of bioethanol production from switchgrass was performed based on the Aspen Plus® model generated for the industrial process in Uruguay, using process and economic data from literature as well as experimental results on switchgrass characterization. Sensitivity studies were performed to examine the effects of process parameters (solids content, enzyme dosage, use of surfactants, hydrolysis efficiency, nutrient addition, and fermentation efficiency) on the selling price of ethanol. It was found that the possible economic benefits of improving hydrolysis efficiency or enzyme dosage by adding surfactant were not enough to compensate the current cost of this additive. However, the cost of nutrient addition during fermentation could be justified by the resulting increase in fermentation efficiency. Solid content was the factor with greater influence on ethanol selling price, so research tending to increase solid contents in both hydrolysis and fermentation is a key factor for the economic viability of ethanol from switchgrass.