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Scaling up canopy leaf phenology in the Central Amazon from tower mounted RGB cameras to Landsat 8

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Tower mounted RGB cameras in Central Amazonia have detected three seasonal contrasts in visible bands for terra firme forest upper canopy in dry season when compared to wet season: (1) more bright green crowns with recently flushed new leaves, causing gradual landscape scale green-up over the dry season; (2) more crowns at the brief pre-flush leafless stage; and (3) higher inter-crown variance of greenness. Here we confirm all three patterns at the Landsat 8 scale, using 15m pan-sharpened green and red bands from a pair of 2015 dry and wet season images of the same scene. Solar elevation angles were very similar between the two images (< 0.7° difference) and view angles were restricted to < 0.6° off-nadir, thus controlling for BRDF effects. We controlled for atmospheric effects as a co-variable, using the coastal aerosol band. Greenness based on visible bands was strongly seasonal, but this was not the case for NDVI and EVI vegetation indices. At 30 m resolution, and using surface reflectance of pixels selected from a narrow range of TOA Coastal aerosol, NDVI was slightly higher in the dry season (0.895) than in the wet season (0.860). EVI was not different between the two seasons. On the other hand, variance for both NDVI and EVI was higher in dry season as expected from tower data.