Remote sensing is a prominent tool in thermal monitoring of the Earth''s surface, particularly in locations where there are no weather stations to monitor thermal changes, as in many places in Brazil. This research analyzes the behavior of the Earth''s surface temperature (TST) in São Luís, Maranhão, from Landsat TM5 and OLI8 / OLI orbital sensors for the years 1999, 2005, 2010 and 2015. The results show a mean thermal variation in Each class of Use and occupation and also showed a relation between the change in vegetation rates and increase of TST. Urban areas and exposed soils appear in all analyzed years as classes with higher thermal mean and that have interference in sensitive environments such as vegetation and mangrove.