The growth and development of human population create many different natural resources demands, responsible for a significant pressure on the environmental, which too influences the structure and the dynamics ecological of a hydrographic basin. Therefore, the research objective was to analyze the soil use and occupation of the micro-basin Ribeirão Cachoeira, localized in Goiás state, important spring of water capitation for public supply in the Brazabrantes town. To describe the town pressure development in the natural resources it was opted for: evaluate socioeconomic characteristics of the town, describe of the potential risk of the major pollution sources and examine the environmental legislation in relation to permanent preservation areas. For this purpose, were used secondary data, remote sensing and site visits. The preliminary potential risk of the pollution sources identified in the micro-basin was analyzed by the method describe in Pereira (2004). It was found that the major environmental impacts are related to disrespect with current environmental legislation. Such mentioned disrespect, several times, occurs during the execution of activities necessary for the social and economic development of the towns that form the micro-basin. The compliance with environmental legislation and the implementation of recovery of degraded areas techniques are necessary strategies for improving the micro-basin environmental quality.