Optimization of Olympic Game-Watching Schedules: A Socioeconomic Analysis for Paris 2024

The Olympic Games have evolved into a global event showcasing athletic and cultural excellence. However, economic challenges restrict accessibility for many spectators, particularly those from less affluent regions. This study introduces a graph theory-based integer optimization model to improve Olympic event-watching schedules, aiming to maximize spectator experiences while addressing logistical and economic constraints. The computational experiments, including a global income analysis and a detailed case study of Brazilian spectators at the Paris 2024 Olympics, have revealed significant disparities in event attendance across income classes and continents. The results highlight the financial barriers faced by lower-income groups and emphasize the need for policies promoting greater accessibility. Consequently, the proposed optimization model offers potential benefits for event organizers in logistical planning and enhancing spectator satisfaction.