Optimization of Sequencing of Loading and Unloading Operations of Bulk Carriers with Trim Restriction via Genetic Algorithm

Maritime transport of dry bulk is essential for economies that export commodities such as ore and grains, making bulk carriers critical components of logistics. The planning of loading and unloading operations requires strict control, as inadequate decisions can compromise the trim, defined by the difference between the bow and stern drafts, as well as the structural integrity of the vessel. Inefficient sequences can also increase operational time, ballast movement, and environmental impacts. This work proposes a genetic algorithm to optimize the sequencing of these operations, incorporating trim constraints to generate more feasible and efficient plans. The approach was evaluated in 112 real operational plans, considering scenarios with one and two machines. Regarding manual plans, the algorithm increased the average adherence to the trim range from 29.12% to 84.80% and reduced the average duration by 3.03%, with greater gains in more complex scenarios.