Domestic Workers in the Digital Domain: Ethics, Consent and (In)visibility

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  • Presentation type: Early Career Researchers
  • Track: Presentation
  • Keywords: paid domestic workers; Social Media; artivism; consent; Appropriation;

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  • 1 University of Bristol

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Abstract

This paper explores the strategies adopted by paid domestic workers and their allies to contest their marginalisation through forms of digital artivism that address not only these workers’ mistreatment but also the issue of how they are represented in media and culture. It examines two projects that use Facebook as a resource and a platform to challenge domestic workers’ exploitation and lack of social recognition, though not without provoking questions regarding ethics and digital literacy themselves. Herself a former domestic worker, the rapper and influencer Preta-Rara set up the Eu Empregada Doméstica Facebook page (2016) to share the testimonies of Brazilian domestic workers online. Her project has garnered substantial media attention and been used to raise awareness of and advocate for domestic workers’ rights. Nonetheless, the project raises ethical questions reminiscent of those that plagued the wave of literary testimonios published across Latin America during the 1970s-80s, which endeavoured to ‘give a voice’ to subaltern subjects. Daniela Ortiz’s exhibition 97 empleadas domésticas (Peru, 2010) is composed of photographs of upper-class families in Lima: each features a domestic employee who appears in the background, or who has been partly cut out of the frame. These images were shared twice online without the employees’ explicit consent; first, on their employers’ Facebook profiles, and then again as part of Ortiz’s exhibition. Consequently, this paper reflects on the complex ethical issues that both projects raise regarding issues of appropriation, digital literacy and the (in)visibility of a historically marginalised group in Latin America on social media.

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