Psychological Interpretation of Confucian Renai Values: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Analysis of Confucian Texts

Research in psychology should focus on individuals as influenced by their culture. Confucian Renai (Confucian Benevolence) is deeply rooted in China's rich cultural heritage, remaining influential in shaping the contemporary Chinese psyche and behavior. This study aims to transform the essence of Confucian Renai into a tangible psychological concept. Using the Constructivist Grounded Theory, we dissect revered Confucian texts such as the Four Books (Analects, Mencius, Great Learning, and Doctrine of the Mean) and The Book of Rites. We discovered that Renai is more than just a philosophy; it is a cultural value system directing how one relates with the broader world, offering a transcendent perspective. At its core, Renai values encompass foundational beliefs about the origin and significance of life (terminal values), as well as practical values guiding daily interactions (instrumental values). The "Ultimate Foundation" of Renai values delves into life's profound questions, grounding these values in timeless wisdom. Meanwhile, the "Ultimate Goal" offers direction, inspiring purposeful living. On the practical side, Renai values suggest both a self-aware, introspective approach termed "Jin Zhong Xing Shu (discovering and sustaining the innate self-awareness of one's inner goodness)" and “Action-Oriented Principles”. Together, these values form a harmonious blend of aspirational ideals and tangible practices. In conclusion, by bridging societal constructs with individual moral cognition, we present a comprehensive framework on how Renai values have evolved and continue to shape values and actions.