Obtenção de Bioquerosene a Partir dos Processos Alcohol-To-Jet com Foco na Oligomerização

With the advance of global warming, discussions about what to do to reduce the impacts caused by this problem have become more intense in recent years. Among the alternatives presented to minimize these conditions, one is to progressively replace the world energy matrix, moving from oil and its derivatives to other sources of renewable origins that have low emission of toxic gases into the atmosphere. Starting from this premise, the biofuels emerge as the main solution to this problem, having as a reference some commercially known products such as biodiesel, ethanol and biokerosene from aviation. The present work approaches the use of the Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ) processes to obtain the BioQAV. This technology has recent origins and is based on 4 main stages: dehydration of alcohol, which is the initial energy source. The oligomerization of the alkenes produced in the previous step, in order to form larger carbon chains. The hydrogenation to remove the unsaturation of alkenes and formation of paraffinic hydrocarbons, followed by distillation, whose ultimate goal is product separation. The catalyst chosen for use within the research was microporous zeolite H-ZSM-5, based on its acidic properties and the presence in some works on the study of dehydration and oligomerization of alcohols. The structure was synthesized in a first moment in the sodhkjhjhium form (Na-ZSM-5), and later converted to the (H-ZSM-5) via the ion exchange procedure. The material obtained was subjected to specific characterization tests, which in turn confirmed the presence of properties of the MFI catalytic standard, according to its crystallographic chart. In possession of the catalyst, initiation of the dehydration and oligomerization reactions of n-Butanol, respectively, to obtain of light hydrocarbons in the range from C9 to C15. Then, the distillation of the product was carried out before to send the samples for the analysis of gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Finally, an average hydrocarbon conversion of 84.82% was obtained from the initial biomass, being 37.92% of the C9-C15 type, which corresponds to the hydrocarbon range of the Aviation Kerosene. In possession of the chromatography results, a study was carried out to evaluate the influence of two reaction conditions: used catalytic mass and average temperature of the reactions, in order to identify the influence of these two factors on the type of hydrocarbon obtained in the reactions.