Visualizing Soft Materials Using Cryogenic Electron Microscopy

Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM) is a technique used for the characterization of soft and beam-sensitive materials at the nanoscale, particularly in their native hydrated state. It uses the interaction between electrons and matter to form high-resolution images and presents specific challenges when applied to delicate systems, including radiation damage and low image contrast. This course will cover the fundamental principles of electron microscopy, focusing on electron–matter interactions and image formation mechanisms. Strategies to maximize contrast and minimize damage, such as low-dose imaging protocols and advanced contrast techniques, will be emphasized. Additionally, the course will address cryogenic sample preparation methods tailored to soft materials, with a focus on the vitrification of specimens across solid to semi-solid states, ensuring structural preservation and image quality.