NeuroVAL and Protonectin-F: Testing Therapeutic Potential in a Mouse Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Introduction:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by cognitive and social deficits that adversely affect the personal relationships of affected individuals, typically diagnosed in childhood. The etiology of ASD remains poorly defined but is associated with idiopathic genetic factors, categorizing it as a hereditary disorder, and environmental factors, such as maternal exposure to chemical substances or infections, which can influence offspring development. Currently, there are no specific treatments for ASD; existing therapies primarily address comorbid conditions, including depression, anxiety, mood disorders, ADHD, and epilepsy, but are often accompanied by adverse effects. Wasp venoms are a valuable source of neuroactive peptides. NeuroVAL and Protonectin-F have demonstrated neuroactive potential and enhanced antinociceptive activity in pain treatment studies.

Objectives:
This study aims to evaluate the effects of neuropeptides NeuroVAL and Protonectin-F on repetitive and social behaviors in an animal model of ASD induced by valproic acid (VPA) exposure.

Methodology:
Pregnant mice were monitored throughout gestation, with VPA exposure administered on the 12th day of gestation to establish the ASD model. The offspring were treated intranasally with NeuroVAL and Protonectin-F peptides for 15 days. Behavioral assessments were conducted to evaluate changes in repetitive and social behaviors associated with ASD.

Results:
Treatment with NeuroVAL resulted in a significant reduction of VPA-induced behavioral deficits, and the peptide was well tolerated by the animals. In contrast, Protonectin-F treatment did not produce any observable improvements in behaviors related to VPA exposure.

Conclusion:
NeuroVAL shows promise as a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating behavioral symptoms associated with ASD in the VPA-induced animal model. Further studies are warranted to explore its mechanisms of action and potential clinical applications. Protonectin-F, however, did not demonstrate efficacy in this context and may require additional investigation or modification.