SPOTmalaria: a global collaborative platform to survey the major human malaria parasites using genomic data

A major challenge in eliminating malaria is determining maximum impact control measures. The heterogeneity in environment and ecology compounded by the genetic diversity of both the malaria parasite and the mosquito vector challenges the deployment of intervention control measures. Understanding the local parasite and vector populations is essential for effective and targeted intervention. In addition, surveillance can help to identify drug and insecticide resistance that could rapidly evolve. As part of the MalariaGEN collaborative framework, SPOTmalaria is a platform that uses the latest genetic and genomic technologies to understand changes in the populations of both major malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. From dried blood spots (DBS) collected by our partners we extract and selective whole genome amplify the parasite DNA on each DBS and generate genetic and genomic data. Partners receive a genetic report card in a timely manner that contains information on several relevant mutations. This actionable knowledge can be used by partners to inform malaria control programmes when needed, for example in case drug resistance evolves locally. SPOTmalaria is also integrated in a parasite observatory, in which large scale genomic analyses are conducted to improve our understanding on the evolution of the malaria parasites genomes at a global and regional level. Under the MalariaGEN framework whole genome data on 3600 parasites and 750 anopheles from over 30 countries have already been released open access as a major resource for the malaria genomic community.