Total polyphenols and flavonoids content, and antioxidant and antiglycation activities of Spondias purpurea L. fruits

Oxidative stress is a process generated by an imbalance between free radical and endogenous antioxidant activity, which can lead to biological damage in pathological conditions. Similarly, protein glycation is generated by a non-enzymatic reaction between sugar and protein, which can promote deleterious effects that cause different diseases and early ageing. Studies have demonstrated that Spondias purpurea L. has bioactive compounds that can prevent and protect against oxidative stress and its harmful effects; besides, they can inhibit protein glycation. The present study aimed to determine total polyphenols and flavonoids content, and evaluate antioxidant and antiglycation activities of S. purpurea fruits. The fruits (peel and pulp) were collected and separated from the seeds. They were lyophilized to obtain a powder, which were extracted using 70% ethanol (1:10; w/v) for 24 hours. After filtration, this process was repeated two times. This hydroethanolic extract was evaporated using a rotary evaporator, and the resulting solution was lyophilized to obtain a dry extract. The extract was diluted at different concentrations (between 2.5 and 10 mg/mL) for the phytochemical (Folin-ciocalteu method, for polyphenols, and AlCl3 complexation assay, for flavonoids), antioxidant (DPPH test) and antiglycation (Relative electrophoretic mobility – REM) analyses. The determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids content demonstrated respectively 25.70 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract and 10.04 mg rutin equivalent/g extract. The results of antioxidant activity demonstrated that extract present the greatest activity (53.5%) at the highest concentration. The extracts presented antiglycation activity by REM, showing an activity similar to Aminoguanidine (antiglycation agent). It was possible to observe the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids in the hydroethanolic extract of S. purpurea fruits, and the results showed its antioxidant and antiglycation potential. This study demonstrate a possible application of this species as source of bioactive compounds to cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.