VDR activation Improves Renal Endothelium Toxicity in Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy

Renal endothelial cell (EC) injury and microvascular dysfunction contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several recent studies have suggested that ECs can undergo an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Adriamycin (ADR) induces glomerular endothelial lesions, leading to progressive proteinuria in rodents. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation is essential in the modulation of endothelial function, cell differentiation, and suppression of fibrotic markers.