Trace amine receptor 1 (TAAR1) modulates glutamate transport and CREB phosphorylation in avian retinal cultures

In the literature, a signaling microenvironment involving the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems has been proposed. In the retina, dopamine induces the release of glutamate (measured using D-aspartate) through excitatory aminoacid transporters (EAATs) reversal, and this signaling is amplified so that glutamate can activate AMPA/Kainate and NMDA receptors. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by amines and monoamines, including amphetamine and dopamine itself. This receptor has been described as a potential modulator of the dopaminergic system and NMDA receptor function. Furthermore, evidence indicates that TAAR1 activation leads to the internalization of dopamine and EAAT3 transporters.