The single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals the transcriptional profile, communication pattern and hyperosmolality-related responses of the supraoptic nucleus cells

The hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) is the core brain structure responsible for the regulation of hydromineral homeostasis. This function is primarily mediated by magnocellular neurons (MCNs) that sense extracellular osmolality (intrinsically and synaptically mediated) and respond by modulating vasopressin and oxytocin synthesis and secretion. These neuropeptides play crucial roles in controlling kidney water and sodium excretion. Furthermore, they can also act as neurotransmitters/neuromodulators regulating pain, anxiety, and social behavior. However, there is limited knowledge about the gene expression profile of these cells and how they can communicate with the rest of the SON, and if this information is affected by water deprivation (WD).