Modulation of adipogenesis in vitro through Nrf2 signaling

Obesity is characterized by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, which triggers abnormal growth of adipose tissue, resulting in an increase in adipocyte size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia). This dysfunction leads to an elevated profile of inflammatory adipokine release and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress. The transcription factor Nrf2 is primarily responsible for activating the transcription of genes associated with the antioxidant response. Dimethylfumarate (DMF), as well as its metabolite monomethylfumarate (MMF), are Nrf2 activators and strategic antioxidants from a molecular standpoint.