Histopathological repercussions of different estrogenic therapies during mammary carcinogenic development induced by endocrine disruption in aged gerbils

Breast cancer is currently associated with endocrine disruptors (EDs) exposure and the xenoestrogen bisphenol A (BPA) is a potential carcinogen after exposure in windows of susceptibilities. Also, co-exposure to other agents contribute to cancer development. Hormone replacement therapies (HT), used in contraceptive methods and menopausal treatment, are considered tumoral promoters or suppressors. Estrogenic compounds, such as bioidentical 17-β estradiol (E2), synthetic ethinylestradiol (EE2), and phytoestrogen genistein (GIN), are employed as a baseline of different HT for women.